Use IBM’s “wipe” command, not just rm -rf.
Wipe overwrites the files ( you don’t need to use the default many-times method: that’s for spinning-platters ), but it makes undeleting stuff require serious work, instead of just some fs-surgery, if that’s significant to/for you.
wipe is available with many distros, iirc.
I’ve lived in XFCe for years, awhile ago, now use LXQT.
XFCe had this goddamn thing where windows had a 1-pixel thick window-grabber.
There was no means of fixing it, that I could find.
UbuntuStudio.org used XFCe, too, btw…
Eventually I got sooo fed-up with the broken UX that I just committed to never using XFCe ever again.
That was sometime in the last few years…
Power-consumption.
Also, the vibration produced by the 2.5" drives is less, but they’re more-sensitive to it, to begin with.
I’d not even consider spinning-platter drives, nowadays, though:
SATA SSD’s for a NAS strike me as being the sanest choice.
Samsung what are those called, Evo drives?
excellently-high MTBF, ultra-short ( compared with rotating-platters ) seek-time ( literally orders-of-magnitude quicker ), etc.
I don’t know of ANY reason to go with spinning-platters, nowadays.
( & I’m saying that as a guy stupid-enough to have not realized this in time, & who spent money on such a thing, when SSD’s really were the answer )
My experience is that USB storage sometimes breaks-connection for no discernable reason.
That if one REALLY wants to do USB storage, then put it inside the housing, and don’t use one of the external-connectors, use something you can permanently-fix, so nothing can even sneeze in its direction.
This mayn’t help you with your puzzle, but it’s bedrock and unchangeable, in my experience.
USB-storage is an unreliable joke.
ANY revision of it, that I’ve tried.
hth…
USB-storage isn’t reliable.
Period.
ANY fscking thing that bumps any connection, can break the dam link.
Then your kernel can re-label the device when it re-connects,
and you’ve got to reassemble your RAID.
just my experience.
use ANY other method you can, other than USB.
stick a SATA adaptor on there somewhere, if you can.
Get a different motherboard.
ANYthing, but not USB.
Reliability’s kinda high on my priority-list.
Try Samsung.
Nowadays I can’t imagine using SATA for anything but archival storage ( get the fastest NVMe you can for your operating-system, and be stunned by how much quicker your machine is ).
Last time I was digging into stats, the reliability-rate for Samsung devices was much higher than that of Western Digital,
and the off-brands … often are a bit of a bad-joke, for reliability ( Adata & Kingston, I’m looking at you, and will never trust such scum again ).
just my experience/opinion, is all.
SanDisk usb-keys work.
You really want to use the thing for read-only, though, if you can:
the writes it takes to kill some portion of a filesystem, vs the writes you get before corrupting things, on a USB driver, don’t line-up.
Use NVMe as your 1st-choice for storage ( future purchases, obviously ), the fastest you can get, and be stunned by how much faster the same motherboard is, with superfast OS storage…
I’d stick /home, not /usr, on the USB.
IF JBOD, && Linux, THEN yes you can know, through SMARTTOOLS, or something like that…
However, I can’t imagine how you’d get 2 separate PCIe
( presuming NVMe devices …
… no, this thing must be presuming SATA, NOT NVMe …
even in SATA, there’s no bifurcator for SATA, I don’t think:
SAS has expanders, which can take a single SAS channel & attach something like 128 SAS devices onto it,
PCIe has some kind of equivalent, and there is a PCIe card which crams loads of NVMe’s into it, out in the last year, but SATA??
Hmm… )
shrug
There was a youtube vid, testing multimeters, & there was a specific condition that produced wrong results in all the meters except Fluke, who had engineered to prevent that wrongness.
That was what decided me on trusting Fluke, in the future.
been years, no idea what channel it was on, sorry, but it should be findable for someone with patience, knowing that only the Fluke got it right, of the ones tested.
Do pay attention to the calibration-certificates, though:
Anybody paying for Fluke who ignores that their handhelds have no more than 2.5-digits of actual-accuracy, is foolish/incompetent.
( the cheap ones are sooo much worse… )
I am trying to lear basic HTML/CSS/JavaScript ( again, last learned HTML back in the 1990’s, am using “JavaScript: The Good Parts” & other books ),
& have discovered that you can have, on the same phone/tablet, Termux/Nginx running,
you have to feed /data/data/com.termux/files/usr/etc/nginx/nginx.conf the root-dir you want it to use
( which is actually in a proot-distro install, down below
/data/data/llcom.termux/files/usr/var/lib/proot-distro/installed-rootfs/ … )
… and then you can have your browser hit
and it’ll grab index.html.
Notice that that is http, NOT httpS.
None of the browsers I’ve tried can get the default connection to localhost, because they all default to https, & nginx isn’t serving https.
That wasted an entire fscking day, to discover.
Now learning can begin!
Thanks to this post, and the other comments in here, I’ve discovered that the ultimate ui for ai-models may well be
https://github.com/ParisNeo/lollms-webui
and on HuggingFace ( that name is aweful: to me it is the creepy-horrible FaceHugger, from the movie Alien, that I saw so many decades ago ) TheBloke has some models which are smaller
https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/
so you can choose a model that will actually-work on your hardware.
I think Llama-2 for brainstorming & CodeLlama-instruct for learning programming examples seems to be the cleanest pair, from what I’ve read, and he’s got GGUF versions with different quantizations, so you can choose what will actually-fit on your hardware.
There are other models on huggingface which seem very useful, like
Some models require GPU, not all.
Damn things moved fast!
I read somewhere, years ago, that RAID6 takes about 2 cores, on a working server.
That may have been a decade ago, and hardware’s improved significantly since then.
Bet on 1 core being saturated, min, with heavy use of a RAID6 or Z2 array, I suspect…
I’d go with software raid, not hardware: with hardware RAID, a dead array, due to a dead controller-card, means you need EXACTLY the same card, possibly the same firmware-revision, to be able to recover the RAID.
With mdadm, that simply isn’t a problem: mdadm can always understand mdadm RAID’s.
_ /\ _
I’m in BTRFS, and wish I wasn’t.
Booting into a failed mdadm RAID1 is normal,
whereas booting into a failed BTRFS RAID1 requires competent manual intervention, and special parameters given to the boot-kernel.
mdadm & lvm, with a fixed version of ZFS would be my preference.
ZFS recently had a bug discovered that was silently corrupting data, and I HOPE a fix has been got in.
Lemme see if I can find something on both of these points…
https://linuxnatives.net/2015/using-raid-btrfs-recovering-broken-disks
https://www.theregister.com/2023/11/27/openzfs_2_2_0_data_corruption/
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Scientism’s assault, not Scientific-method’s assault.
It is the ideology/prejudice that is adamant that Awareness/Knowing/Meaning/Will “cannot be”, because they are not physical/matter.
There are, of course, 2 fundamental problems with pretending that will doesn’t exist.
Pretending otherwise is … incompetent.
It wasn’t “random behaviour of particles” that created cities.
Will demonstrably exists.
All Scientism dogma that pretends that there is not “atom” of knowing ( entanglement is the “atom” of knowing ) or of will ( quantum probability-wave is the “atom” of will ) NEED to do-so, because only through prohibiting basis-for-knowing and basis-for-will can they pre-emptively win ideological-dominion.
Again, will demonstrably exists, at our scale, and it MUST have basis, in spite of Scientism’s indellible belief.
The problem is that will, life, etc, all require Time in order to exist, and if one simply forces the measurement to be at too-small a timescale, then one can “prove” that they don’t exist.
A single instant of 3D “photograph” of where the atoms are, in your body, cannot show whether you are growing-organism or disintegrating-corpse, right?
In order to know if you are 1 or the other of those, you need to see 2, at-least, 3D “photographs” of where all the different atoms are, in your body.
If those 2 images are 1 femtosecond apart, it still isn’t possible to tell.
If those images are 150y apart, then there is no second image, or it is of your corpse, so that’s useless, too.
As convenient as wrong-framing is to Scientism, the evidence, itself, shows what appropriate timescales are, consistently.
Want to show free-will?
Look at years, not minutes.
Will an individual go-along-with some social-pressure?
At the timescale of minutes, their Kahneman System-1 is likely to decide for them ( “Thinking Fast & Slow” by Daniel Kahneman, THE most-important psychology-book on the planet, these days ).
But at the timescale of years, then social-pressure, while still significant, can be rejected, defeated, mitigated, as people decide in their unconscious, to go-against System-1.
Scientism keeps working to prevent people from seeing that.
Same as ideologies of all kinds work to prevent people from noticing significant-evidence.
Fuck ideology-addiction, & its propaganda.
Awareness, defined to not-exist, hence “The Hard Problem”, Knowing, Meaning, & Will, all are immaterial, and so Physicalism denies that they are real, and they all consistently produce measureable results, significant at planet-scale.
Notice that both entropy & evolution are time-parity violating, & both operate consistently for billions of years.
The common-core of the Physicalism/Existentialism/Materialism ideology rejects that there is any validity in that “symmetry” ( it isn’t mirror-symmetry, but it is a kind of, or related-to, symmetry, since they each violate time-parity in the way opposite to the other: evolution is neg-entropy, obviously ).
And I’m fed-up with their gaslighting.
Cities wouldn’t exist without will.
“Particles behaving randomly” can go eat rocks, as it doesn’t match the data, & never has.
_ /\ _
His fugue for colliape, aka “The Toot Fugue” was wonderful.
His “Eine Kline Nichtmuzik” ( or something like that, sorry for my aweful German ), also.
His piece “For 2 Unfriendly Groups of Instruments” was magic.
Peter Schickele, and your University of Southern North Dakota, at Hoople ( which was a barn ), thank you for some good help making our world better.
_ /\ _
EasyDNS.ca or if they also do EasyDNS.com
GoDaddy was a bunch of sleazebags, back in the day…
Go search http://slashdot.org/ for them, and see…
not only hosting lots of sleazebags, but also having tons of compromised mail machines, so their machines were, according to what I’d read there, the source of much of the world’s spam, and they wouldn’t fix things.
EasyDNS was recommended by one of the SysAdmin reporters on The Register, a few years ago.
He also recommended Linode & Vultr, back then, too.
This stuff in this comment is just my opinion, and my memory of what trustworthy people were reporting a few years ago.
_ /\ _
Replace them with SSD’s?
Your seek-time drops to near-zero,
your throughput increases to SATA ( or your motherboard’s SATA controller ) speed,
and you become absolutely-immune to such vibrations.
I cannot understand using rotating-disk drives in any notebook machine, under any circumstances, ever, for the last decade or so.
_ /\ _
Because Santa M. Claus isn’t European.
: P
_ /\ _
It isn’t too-late to save civilization itself, but it definitely is too-late to save nearly-all of this kind of “civilization”.
I’ve compiled a list of links which show the FACTUAL planet-changing, gleaned from evidence-itself.
Know that what follows is the current version of this information, as I keep finding more/better pieces of fact, to amend it with:
Notice that this isn’t making-simulations-and-tweaking-them-until-they-look-like-they-match-evidence-that-we’re-including,
instead, this is gleaning the natural powerlaw underlying atmospheric-CO2 -> consequent-planetary-equilibrium-temperature, itself, from the historical evidence.
This is the ONLY model that isn’t pushed-on the evidence, it is only taken FROM the evidence/historical-fact.
Evolution of global temperature over the past two million years https://www.nature.com/articles/nature19798
We’re currently in the 417…421ppm range of CO2, alone.
Factoring in the excess 1.3-1.4ppm methane, only, NOT including ANY of the other greenhouse-gasses we’re producing, brings it up to 8-9C planetary heating equilibrium, using methane’s 20y CO2 equivalent factor of 82.5x.
526…534.5ppm CO2-equivalent, with the methane, only, factored-in.
You can see what the historical-fact planet-temperature was, for that value, and it is nowhere near 1.5C or 2.5C, it was, when that level of atmospheric greenhouse-gas actually occurred, between +8C & +9C.
( & if it lasts longer than 20y, on average, then that factor should be higher. )
ANOTHER positive-feedback-loop.
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adi5177 https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/weather/2023/12/10/carbon-dioxide-levels-hit-14-million-year-high-what-to-know/71836796007/
Notice that the powerlaw I link to, above, and this usatoday article, state the SAME THING.
That it is HISTORICAL FACT that we are in the +5C to +9C range, not the +1.5C makebelieve that governments are devout/loyal to.
And for all who call Nature’s many underlying & discoverable powerlaws “not science”,
I’ve read that there is a powerlaw underlying:
Anybody who wants to understand that powerlaws also underlie structural-strength, simply understand Dave Gerr’s “Elements of Boat Strength”, in which he identifies how to turn a “Scantling Number” for a particular boat ( the bigger the boat, according to specific parameters, the bigger the Sn ), into the actual-strength-of-materials-for-that-specific-part, through that-specific-part’s powerlaw.
IOW, you find the Sn for a boat, and the set of powerlaws tells you exactly how much glass reinforcement-fiber, or wood, or aluminum, you need in every part of that boat, between 10’ & 100’ long.
Keel, bottom, lower topsides, upper topsides, deck, stringers, ring-frames, bulkheads, engine-mounts, under the mast, everything.
The powerlaws keep the proportions of strengths correct, for the difference-in-size of the boat.
Nature’s filled with powerlaws.
Here are some more not-makebelieving items.
Just Have A Think, Antarctica https://youtu.be/T0qRoeEcKtY
Earth beyond six of nine planetary boundaries https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adh2458
( notice that this is Actuaries.org.uk! This is financial people, not the oil industry, of course, or politicians… but these people consider the financial risk! ) Emperor’s New Climate Scenarios – a warning for financial services https://actuaries.org.uk/emperors-new-climate-scenarios
A safe operating space for humanity https://www.nature.com/articles/461472a
In Science, according to Karl Popper, & Richard Feynman, when the evidence contradicts your models/theories, those have been falsified. The powerlaw, above, isn’t falsified by this measurement, but all others, that I know-of, have been. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/08/antarctica-warming-much-faster-than-models-predicted-in-deeply-concerning-sign-for-sea-levels
Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-39810-w ( that might possibly wipe-out much of humanity’s sea-food supply )
Risks of synchronized low yields are underestimated in climate and crop model projections https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-38906-7
Subglacial discharge accelerates future retreat of Denman and Scott Glaciers, East Antarctica https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adi9014
Youtube: Dr Gilbz ( who doesn’t know about the powerlaw? not yet, anyways ) https://youtu.be/8_BoZDS1gjU
Unavoidable future increase in West Antarctic ice-shelf melting over the twenty-first century https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-023-01818-x
Just Have A Think https://youtu.be/T0qRoeEcKtY
Cold Blob https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_blob You can SEE where Greenland’s icewater is altering the planet’s systems!
2000 cubic km more ice melt anomaly in 2010 than in 1990, 4000 cubic km more ice melt anomaly in 2020 than in 1990, The curve looks exponential.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-05002-0
As the former chief scientist at NASA said, around when she was retiring, Venus’s lethal runaway greenhouse condition IS a possible endstate for our planet.
No matter: same as any junkie, having to break their junk-dependency…
IF the junk-addiction is broken, it’ll be a deathmatch to decide it, either-way.
Humankind’s unconscious-ignorance would rather break this entire planet’s human-viability than yield to evidence, and if that unconscious-ignorance wins, then our “legacy” will be simply showing the Universe that our ignorance was our rightful “king” and “lord”, and that it won, and our life/viability didn’t, it broke us.
Same as many addicts who die, fighting their junk-addiction, demonstrate.
Same, but on different scales, right?
It’ll take most of this century for humankind’s unconscious-mind to be engaged sufficiently-intensely for that survival-fight to get … pointed, though.
_ /\ _
https://ubuntustudio.org/