Hi folks,
I have Alpine Linux installed in an encrypted LUKS partition. I came across this tutorial which shows how to setup a key in a USB drive and when the drive is inserted and the computer booted, the LUKS partition auto-unlocks with the key on the USB drive.
I would like to setup the same thing but I do not have Alpine linux installed on ZFS, so I’m looking for ways to adapt the instructions.
So far, what I’ve done is:
- I’ve setup the key on the usb stick and I can unlock the LUKS partition with that key.
- create a
/etc/mkinitfs/features.d/usb-unlock.shscript with the following content:
(the echo to /dev/kmesg was to check whether the script did indeed run at boot by trying to print to the kernel messages but I can’t find anything in the kernel messages).
#!/bin/sh
echo "usb-unlock script starting..." > /dev/kmsg
USB_MOUNT="/mnt/my-usb-key" # The USB stick mounting point
LUKS_KEY_FILE="awesome.key" # The name of your keyfile on the USB stick
# Search for the USB stick with the key
for device in $(ls /dev/disk/by-uuid/*); do
mount $device $USB_MOUNT 2>/dev/null
if [ -f "$USB_MOUNT/$LUKS_KEY_FILE" ]; then
# Unlock the LUKS partition
cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda3 cryptroot \
--key-file "$USB_MOUNT/$LUKS_KEY_FILE" && exit 0
fi
umount $USB_MOUNT
done
echo "No USB key found, falling back to password prompt." # this message never appears, despite not having found the key on the usb stick
echo "usb-unlock script ending." > /dev/kmsg
- I added
usb-unlockto thefeaturesinmkinitfs.conf:
mytestalpine:~# cat /etc/mkinitfs/mkinitfs.conf
features="ata base ide scsi usb virtio ext4 cryptsetup keymap usb-unlock"
- run
mkinitfsto rebuild the initramfs. Then reboot to test the implementation, which was unsuccessful.
What am I missing / doing wrong? Thank you for your help!
Edit: forgot to add step 4
Dracut may have this functionality already built in via rd.luks.key, so a custom module would really only make sense if you’re trying to do more than that. You can probably get away with just using that if you just want it to work, but if you want to customize stuff:
I suspect your module is running well after the device is already supposed to be
cryptsetup opened. The way the default crypt module handles it is by setting up udev configuration in a very early phase, and then having udev request the password a little bit later when it finds the device it’s trying to open, until all devices are ready. It’s a complex mechanism compared to Alpine’s straightforward script, but it’s much more flexible when it comes to ordering of things like RAID/network devices/LUKS/etc.The result of that is that your code would have to run much earlier. There’s some documentation on how hooks work, and the builtin
rd.luks.key/ keydev handler runs at cmdline 10. That’s well before your pre-mount, and probably where you’d want to run your code. Based on a cursory inspection of the other code, you could eithercryptsetup openit yourself if you use the name it expects (rd.luks.name=cmdline parameter orluks-$luks_container_uuid), or you could use that/tmp/luks.keysmechanism (it’s a dracut-internal thing so you won’t find much documentation, but it lives in crypt-lib.sh, cryptroot-ask.sh and probe-keydev.sh).As for debugging, the cmdline manpage has a few decent enough options.
rd.break=cmdlineor similar can force a shell before Dracut goes through a specific phase of hooks. You should be able to manually test doing things similar to your script at that point.Thank you for your help. I spent time digging into this rabbit hole, and while I’ve learned a lot, I am struggling to get the basics to work. Right now, I’m focusing on being able to just boot an image I created using dracut, excluding all the initial stuff I wanted, just be able to reproduce the original functionality of being able to unlock my luks partition using my keyboard.
Where I’m at: I am building my initramfs using the following command:
dracut -f -v --add crypt --add lvm --add dm. I get the following output log:Output log
mytestalpine:~# dracut -f -v --add crypt --add lvm --add dm dracut[I]: Executing: /usr/bin/dracut -f -v --add crypt --add lvm --add dm dracut[I]: Module ‘dash’ will not be installed, because command ‘dash’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘mksh’ will not be installed, because command ‘mksh’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘caps’ will not be installed, because command ‘capsh’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘modsign’ will not be installed, because command ‘keyctl’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘i18n’ will not be installed, because command ‘loadkeys’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘url-lib’ will not be installed, because command ‘curl’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘btrfs’ will not be installed, because command ‘btrfs’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘dmraid’ will not be installed, because command ‘dmraid’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘dmsquash-live-ntfs’ will not be installed, because command ‘ntfs-3g’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘mdraid’ will not be installed, because command ‘mdadm’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘crypt-gpg’ will not be installed, because command ‘gpg’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘cifs’ will not be installed, because command ‘mount.cifs’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘iscsi’ will not be installed, because command ‘iscsi-iname’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘iscsi’ will not be installed, because command ‘iscsiadm’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘iscsi’ will not be installed, because command ‘iscsid’ could not be found! dracut[I]: 95nfs: Could not find any command of ‘rpcbind portmap’! dracut[I]: Module ‘nvmf’ will not be installed, because command ‘nvme’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘nvmf’ will not be installed, because command ‘jq’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘biosdevname’ will not be installed, because command ‘biosdevname’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘masterkey’ will not be installed, because command ‘keyctl’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘dash’ will not be installed, because command ‘dash’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘mksh’ will not be installed, because command ‘mksh’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘caps’ will not be installed, because command ‘capsh’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘modsign’ will not be installed, because command ‘keyctl’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘url-lib’ will not be installed, because command ‘curl’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘btrfs’ will not be installed, because command ‘btrfs’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘dmraid’ will not be installed, because command ‘dmraid’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘dmsquash-live-ntfs’ will not be installed, because command ‘ntfs-3g’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘mdraid’ will not be installed, because command ‘mdadm’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘crypt-gpg’ will not be installed, because command ‘gpg’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘cifs’ will not be installed, because command ‘mount.cifs’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘iscsi’ will not be installed, because command ‘iscsi-iname’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘iscsi’ will not be installed, because command ‘iscsiadm’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘iscsi’ will not be installed, because command ‘iscsid’ could not be found! dracut[I]: 95nfs: Could not find any command of ‘rpcbind portmap’! dracut[I]: Module ‘nvmf’ will not be installed, because command ‘nvme’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘nvmf’ will not be installed, because command ‘jq’ could not be found! dracut[I]: Module ‘masterkey’ will not be installed, because command ‘keyctl’ could not be found! dracut[I]: *** Including module: sh *** dracut[I]: *** Including module: busybox *** dracut[I]: *** Including module: crypt *** dracut[I]: *** Including module: dm *** dracut[D]: Skipping udev rule: 10-dm.rules dracut[D]: Skipping udev rule: 13-dm-disk.rules dracut[D]: Skipping udev rule: 95-dm-notify.rules dracut[D]: Skipping udev rule: 64-device-mapper.rules dracut[D]: Skipping udev rule: 60-persistent-storage-dm.rules dracut[D]: Skipping udev rule: 55-dm.rules dracut[I]: *** Including module: kernel-modules *** dracut[I]: *** Including module: kernel-modules-extra *** dracut[D]: kernel-modules-extra: configuration source “/run/depmod.d” does not exist dracut[D]: kernel-modules-extra: configuration source “/etc/depmod.d” does not exist dracut[D]: kernel-modules-extra: configuration source “/lib/depmod.d” does not exist dracut[I]: *** Including module: lvm *** dracut[D]: Skipping udev rule: 11-dm-lvm.rules dracut[D]: Skipping udev rule: 64-device-mapper.rules dracut[D]: Skipping udev rule: 56-lvm.rules dracut[D]: Skipping udev rule: 60-persistent-storage-lvm.rules dracut[I]: *** Including module: rootfs-block *** dracut[I]: *** Including module: terminfo *** dracut[I]: *** Including module: udev-rules *** dracut[D]: Skipping udev rule: 70-persistent-net.rules dracut[I]: *** Including module: usrmount *** dracut[I]: *** Including module: base *** dracut[I]: *** Including module: fs-lib *** dracut[I]: *** Including module: shutdown *** dracut[I]: *** Including modules done *** dracut[I]: *** Installing kernel module dependencies *** dracut[I]: *** Installing kernel module dependencies done *** dracut[I]: *** Resolving executable dependencies *** dracut[I]: *** Resolving executable dependencies done *** dracut[I]: *** Hardlinking files *** dracut[D]: Mode: real dracut[D]: Method: sha256 dracut[D]: Files: 457 dracut[D]: Linked: 0 files dracut[D]: Compared: 0 xattrs dracut[D]: Compared: 6 files dracut[D]: Saved: 0 B dracut[D]: Duration: 0.015759 seconds dracut[I]: *** Hardlinking files done *** dracut[I]: Could not find ‘strip’. Not stripping the initramfs. dracut[I]: *** Generating early-microcode cpio image *** dracut[I]: *** Store current command line parameters *** dracut[I]: Stored kernel commandline: dracut[I]: rootfstype=ext4 rootflags=rw,relatime dracut[E]: ldconfig exited ungracefully dracut[I]: *** Creating image file ‘/boot/initramfs-6.6.56-0-lts.img’ *** dracut[I]: Using auto-determined compression method ‘gzip’ dracut[D]: Image: /var/tmp/dracut.Ds3W3x/initramfs.img: 12M dracut[D]: ======================================================================== dracut[D]: Version: dracut-060 dracut[D]: lib/dracut/dracut-060 dracut[D]: dracut[D]: Arguments: -f -v --add ‘crypt’ --add ‘lvm’ --add ‘dm’ dracut[D]: lib/dracut/build-parameter.txt dracut[D]: dracut[D]: dracut modules: dracut[D]: sh dracut[D]: busybox dracut[D]: crypt dracut[D]: dm dracut[D]: kernel-modules dracut[D]: kernel-modules-extra dracut[D]: lvm dracut[D]: rootfs-block dracut[D]: terminfo dracut[D]: udev-rules dracut[D]: usrmount dracut[D]: base dracut[D]: fs-lib dracut[D]: shutdown dracut[D]: lib/dracut/modules.txt dracut[D]: ========================================================================
<Truncanted due to char limit>
Then I updated the
/boot/extlinux.conffile, adding the following second entry (displaying the first one just for comparison):LABEL lts MENU DEFAULT MENU LABEL Linux lts LINUX vmlinuz-lts INITRD initramfs-lts APPEND root=/dev/mapper/root modules=sd-mod,usb-storage,ext4 cryptroot=<my-uuid> cryptdm=root quiet rootfstype=ext4 LABEL lts MENU LABEL dracut-img LINUX vmlinuz-lts INITRD /boot/initramfs-6.6.56-0-lts.img APPEND root=/dev/mapper/root modules=sd-mod,usb-storage,ext4 cryptroot=UUID=<my-uuid> cryptdm=root quiet rootfstype=ext4 rootflags=rw,relatimeI added the
rootflags=rw,relatimebecause this was shown in the dracut log, so I thought perhaps that mattered. But for the most part I left it the same as the previous entry, because I’m trying to do the same thing I suppose. Perhaps I’m mistaken?The current result of booting that image leads to a long loading (not asking for the passphrase to unlock the partition) then displaying the following error:
dracut Warning: Could not boot. dracut Warning: "/dev/mapper/root" does not exist Generating "/run/initramfs/rdsosreport.txt" You might want to save "/run/initramfs/rdsosreport.txt" to a USB stick or /boot after mounting them and attach it to a bug report. To get more debug information in the report, reboot with "rd.debug" added to the kernel command line. Dropping to debug shell.Before dropping me in a shell, in which I have not found anything useful to do. I am surely missing something basic as my understanding of what’s happening is pretty superfluous.
What I’m noticing which may be of importance:
dracut[E]: ldconfig exited ungracefully, in the dracut output log. Perhaps this matters and should be fixed? An image is nonetheless generated.device-mapperandlvmmissing, why did dracut complain about them missing for me to compile my own image? and would I need to add options in the/boot/extlinux.conffile, when they are not required for the original boot entry, when all I’m trying to do (as a start) is just make sure I can reproduce a bootable kernel image?I think you should check your
root=line and add ard.luks.uuid=to make it open it. Dracut will by default open the root FS as/dev/mapper/luks-abcdef...based on the LUKS container UUID. You can get that withcryptsetup luksUUID./dev/mapper/rootis just never going to show up unless you’ve assigned a custom name to that with the barely documentedrd.luks.name, and I don’t see that in your setup. Thecryptrootandcryptdmparameters aren’t used by Dracut either.With all of that missing it’s just gonna wait for that
/dev/mapper/rootto magically show up out of nowhere, without ever trying to open it.A correct cmdline will probably look something along the lines of
root=/dev/mapper/luks-<uuid> modules=sd-mod,usb-storage,ext4 rootfstype=ext4 rootflags=rw,relatime rd.luks.uuid=<uuid>and once opening with passphrase works, you can start to mess withrd.luks.key=/awesome.key(and readdquietwhen done debugging, if you want it that way).ldconfig errors and the missing modules should be fine. musl’s ldconfig is just a bit different but also isn’t required in quite the same way. I don’t think you should need to mess with modules manually. I don’t think you’re using LVM’s userland for your setup, just all the device-mapper kernel modules. Dracut will pull all the necessary bits in for you if you’re setting it up for LUKS.
I’m very grateful for your extended help. I’ve made some progress. I’m able to get the prompt to appear asking me for my passphrase to unlock the right partition (sda3 in my case). Entering the passphrase, however, drops me in the Dracut emergency shell after ~3min of dracut logs, seemingly looping. (Edit: the reason for why it drops me in the shell is very unclear. It says
Dropping to debug shell. /bin/sh: can't access tty: job control turned off.And if I try to exit the dracut shell, it saysdracut Warning: could not boot.).In the Dracut emergency shell, checking
/dev/mapper/I see aluks-<sda3-uuid>listed. RunningblkidI see it listed too withTYPE=crypto_LUKS. I also see adev/dm-0with a dedicated UUID, in ext4. I ranblkidwhich shows:/dev/mapper/luks-705fc477-573a-4ef6-81b6-a14c43cda1f5: UUID="57955343-922a-4918-9bc1-797ca8d13a9c" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda1: UUID="cc5e0b03-3544-4bef-ab8b-8b72dd236926" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda2: UUID="4df1af6c-3199-4bb2-bb12-bcf897cfc6fc" TYPE="swap" /dev/sda3: UUID="705fc477-573a-4ef6-81b6-a14c43cda1f5" TYPE="crypto_LUKS" /dev/dm-0: UUID="57955343-922a-4918-9bc1-797ca8d13a9c" TYPE="ext4"I checked the status of the filesystem running
cryptsetup status /dev/mapper/luks-<sda3-uuid>and it says itis active, which I guess means it is unlocked?I checked the
/rootdirectory, and it is empty. So I tried to mount the partition myself:mount /dev/mapper/luks-<sda3-uuid> /rootbut it fails sayingmount: mounting /dev/mapper/luks-<sda3-uuid> on /root failed: No such file or directoryand that got me really puzzled? I’ve been searching far and wide but I can’t seem to find anyone with a similar situation. I feel like I’m close to getting this working.Below is my syslinux kernel config, and the 2nd and 3rd items are what I booted into (
/boot/extlinux.conf)# Generated by update-extlinux 6.04_pre1-r15 DEFAULT menu.c32 PROMPT 0 MENU TITLE Alpine/Linux Boot Menu MENU HIDDEN MENU AUTOBOOT Alpine will be booted automatically in # seconds. TIMEOUT 10 LABEL lts MENU DEFAULT MENU LABEL Linux lts LINUX vmlinuz-lts INITRD initramfs-lts APPEND root=/dev/mapper/root modules=sd-mod,usb-storage,ext4 cryptroot=UUID=705fc477-573a-4ef6-81b6-a14c43cda1f5 cryptdm=root rootfstype=ext4 rd.debug log_buf_len=1M rd.shell LABEL lts MENU DEFAULT MENU LABEL Dracut Linux lts LINUX vmlinuz-lts INITRD /boot/initramfs-6.6.56-0-lts.img APPEND root=/dev/mapper/luks-705fc477-573a-4ef6-81b6-a14c43cda1f5 modules=sd-mod,usb-storage,ext4 rootfstype=ext4 rd.shell rd.debug log_buf_len=1M rd.luks.uuid=705fc477-573a-4ef6-81b6-a14c43cda1f5 LABEL lts MENU DEFAULT MENU LABEL Dracut Linux lts 2 LINUX vmlinuz-lts INITRD /boot/initramfs-6.6.56-0-lts.img APPEND modules=sd-mod,usb-storage,ext4,dm,crypt,rootfs-block rootfstype=ext4 rootflags=rw,relatime rd.shell rd.debug log_buf_len=1M root=UUID=57955343-922a-4918-9bc1-797ca8d13a9c rd.luks.uuid=705fc477-573a-4ef6-81b6-a14c43cda1f5And here the
/proc/cmdlineof the booted partition:BOOT_IMAGE=vmlinuz-lts modules=sd-mod,usb-storage,ext4,dm,crypt,rootfs-block rootfstype=ext4 rootflags=rw,relatime rd.shell rd.debug log_buf_len=1M root=UUID=57955343-922a-4918-9bc1-797ca8d13a9c rd.luks.uuid=705fc477-573a-4ef6-81b6-a14c43cda1f5 initrd=/boot/initramfs-6.6.56-0-lts.imgHere is my setup, when I boot in my regular initramfs (the one I’m trying to replicate using dracut):
mytestalpine:~# lsblk -o NAME,FSTYPE,FSVER,LABEL,UUID,FSAVAIL,FSUSE%,MOUNTPOINTS NAME FSTYPE FSVER LABEL UUID FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINTS sda ├─sda1 ext4 cc5e0b03-3544-4bef-ab8b-8b72dd236926 195.5M 21% /boot ├─sda2 swap 4df1af6c-3199-4bb2-bb12-bcf897cfc6fc [SWAP] └─sda3 crypto_LUKS 705fc477-573a-4ef6-81b6-a14c43cda1f5 └─root ext4 57955343-922a-4918-9bc1-797ca8d13a9c 2.3G 8% / mytestalpine:~# lsblk -l -n /dev/sda3 sda3 8:3 0 2.8G 0 part root 253:0 0 2.8G 0 crypt /Note: No idea of the relevance, but I’m testing this setup in a VM, with a BIOS firmware.
Sorry, I’ve had a (self-imposed) busy week, but I have to admit, that also has me rather stumped. As far as I can tell, your second entry should work. If the device is visible in /dev/mapper under a name, it should be able to mount under that name.
The only thing I can think of is that some important module like the ext4 module might be missing somehow? You can get pretty confusing errors when that happens. Dracut is supposed to parse
/etc/fstabfor everything needed to boot, and maybe that’s not recognizing your root for some reason.dmesgmight have some useful info at the end after you try to mount it. If that’s what’s happening, you could try to addadd_drivers+=" ext4 "in your dracut.conf and regenerate it (the spaces are important!). But if that’s not it, then I’m probably out of ideas now.